Nickel yog lub ntsiab alloy tseem ceeb hauv austenitic stainless hlau. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom ruaj khov austenite, kom cov hlau tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv ua tiav austenitic, kom cov hlau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo ntawm lub zog, plasticity thiab toughness, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub, txias formability, vuam, tsis kub thiab txias. non-magnetic zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txhim kho cov thermodynamic stability ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, yog li nws tsis tsuas yog zoo dua li ferrite nrog tib cov ntsiab lus chromium thiab molybdenum, Martensite thiab lwm yam stainless hlau muaj cov khoom zoo dua ntawm xeb thiab oxidation tsis kam tawm, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yog txhim kho, yog li cov hlau kuj muaj cov khoom zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau qee qhov kev tshaj tawm. Nickel yog ib yam khoom uas ruaj khov austenite thiab nthuav dav austenite theem cheeb tsam. Txhawm rau kom tau txais ib qho qauv austenite, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nickel yuav tsum tau thaum cov hlau muaj 0.1 feem pua carbon thiab 18 feem pua chromium yog li 8 feem pua, uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm 18-8 chromium nickel austenitic stainless hlau. Nyob rau hauv austenitic stainless hlau, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm npib tsib xee, cov residual ferrite tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho thiab txo qis σ Qhov nyiam ntawm theem tsim; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kub ntawm martensite hydrocarbon hloov pauv txo qis, lossis txawm tias tsis tshwm sim λ → M theem hloov pauv, tab sis qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel yuav txo qhov solubility ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv austenitic stainless hlau, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov nyiam ntawm carbide nag lossis daus. .
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm npib tsib xee rau cov khoom siv ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog chromium nickel tsis zoo martensitic stainless hlau, feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov npib tsib xee rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm austenite. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel nyob rau hauv steel qhov twg martensitic transformation yuav tshwm sim, nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel, lub zog ntawm steel txo thiab cov plasticity nce. Chromium nickel austenitic stainless hlau nrog ruaj khov austenite qauv muaj zoo heev toughness (xws li ultra-low kub toughness), yog li nws yuav siv tau raws li kub kub hlau, Nws yog paub zoo tias rau chromium manganese austenitic stainless hlau nrog ruaj austenite qauv, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm npib tsib xee tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov tawv nqaij Nickel kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ua haujlwm txias txias ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, uas yog vim muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm austenite, uas txo lossis txawm tias tshem tawm cov hloov pauv martensitic hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm txias ua haujlwm ntawm austenite nws tus kheej tsis pom tseeb. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm stainless hlau txias ua hauj lwm hardening nyiam, npib tsib xee txo qhov txias ua hauj lwm hardening tus nqi ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, txo chav tsev kub thiab tsis kub kub lub zog ntawm hlau, thiab txhim kho plasticity, Nws yog txiav txim siab hais tias qhov nce ntawm nickel cov ntsiab lus yog conducive rau lub txias ua hauj lwm formability ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, thiab qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel tuaj yeem txo lossis txawm tias tshem tawm δ Ferrite, yog li txhim kho nws cov haujlwm kub, txawm li cas los xij, δ Qhov txo qis ntawm ferrite yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov weldability ntawm cov hlau no thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tau. ntawm welding kub tawg hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm chromium manganese nitrogen (chromium manganese nickel nitrogen) austenitic stainless hlau, yog li txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau.
Hauv austenitic stainless hlau, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm npib tsib xee thiab qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee ua rau qhov nce ntawm thermodynamic stability ntawm hlau. Yog li ntawd, austenitic stainless hlau muaj kev xeb zoo dua thiab oxidation tsis kam nruab nrab kev ua tau zoo, thiab nrog kev nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee, qhov txo qis kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua ntxiv Nws yog tsim nyog taw qhia tias npib tsib xee kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov hlau tsis muaj zog ntawm austenite. rau transgranular kev nyuaj siab corrosion nyob rau hauv ntau yam xov xwm. Cov nyhuv ntawm nickel rau corrosion kuj ntawm austenitic stainless hlau nyob rau hauv ntau yam acid media yuav tsum tau taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias dej siab, qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel ua rau qhov nce ntawm intergranular kev nyuaj siab corrosion rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau, tab sis qhov kev tsis zoo no yuav txo qis lossis txo qis vim qhov nce ntawm chromium cov ntsiab lus hauv steel thiab alloy. Nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee hauv austenitic stainless hlau ntawm daim npav hlau nplaum, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm intergranular corrosion txo qis, uas yog, rhiab heev ntawm intergranular corrosion ntawm hlau nce. Raws li kev tiv thaiv rau pitting corrosion thiab crevice corrosion ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, cov nyhuv ntawm nickel tsis tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee kuj txhim kho qhov kub-kub oxidation tsis kam ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, uas yog vim yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm chromium oxide zaj duab xis los ntawm npib tsib xee, thiab siab dua cov ntsiab lus nickel, qhov teeb meem ntau dua. , Qhov no feem ntau yog vim ib lab tsawg melting point npib tsib xee sulfide ntawm cov qoob loo ciam teb hauv cov hlau.